Failure Mechanisms

Overview of the dominant failure mechanisms in oil-immersed transformers and how moisture drives each pathway.

How elevated moisture in cellulose lowers the bubble-evolution temperature and creates dielectric risk under load and overload.

Relationship between moisture content, partial discharge inception and progressive insulation degradation.

How moisture-driven swelling and shrinkage of cellulose change winding clamping pressure and mechanical short-circuit withstand.

Interpreting furan compounds as a marker of cellulose aging and the role of moisture in accelerating their formation.